Ruby chmod follows symlinks, which can point to non-existent files. This
should fix quarantining Casks e.g. disk-inventory-x.

Gatekeeper's Path Randomization is currently making automated
installation a nightmare. Let's manually toggle the (undocumented) app
translocation bit in the `com.apple.quarantine` extended attribute.

While we're at it, let's also toss in some fixes:

- zip downloads with improper permissions that prevent us from
quarantining
- quarantine/release/skip downloads as requested by the user

docs: fix typo from #4845.

LinkageChecker: Report linkage of unwanted system libraries [Linux]

docs: various updates.

cmd/info: display analytics data.

I read through the docs locally and made various fixes.

When users don't have `HOMEBREW_NO_ANALYTICS` or
`HOMEBREW_NO_GITHUB_API` set let's display some analytics data in
`brew info`. This should be useful for both maintainers and for users of
Homebrew.

Note this by default combines all installs across options for a single
number; for formulae with lots of options it's a bit overwhelming to
print the installs per-option. However, for `HOMEBREW_DEVELOPER`s print
the full output.

Sample non-developer output:

```console
$ brew info wget
wget: stable 1.19.5 (bottled), HEAD
Internet file retriever
https://www.gnu.org/software/wget/
/usr/local/Cellar/wget/1.19.5 (49 files, 3.7MB) *
  Built from source on 2018-09-03 at 20:46:32
From: https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew-core/blob/master/Formula/wget.rb
==> Dependencies
Build: pkg-config ✔️
Required: libidn2 ✔️, openssl ✔️
Optional: pcre ✔️, libmetalink ✘, gpgme ✘
==> Options
--with-debug
	Build with debug support
--with-gpgme
	Build with gpgme support
--with-libmetalink
	Build with libmetalink support
--with-pcre
	Build with pcre support
--HEAD
	Install HEAD version
==> Analytics
install: 84638 (30d), 353800 (90d), 1372775 (365d)
install_on_request: 77926 (30d), 291305 (90d), 1044898 (365d)
build_error: 11 (30d)
```

Sample developer output:
```console
$ brew info wget
wget: stable 1.19.5 (bottled), HEAD
Internet file retriever
https://www.gnu.org/software/wget/
/usr/local/Cellar/wget/1.19.5 (49 files, 3.7MB) *
  Built from source on 2018-09-03 at 20:46:32
From: https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew-core/blob/master/Formula/wget.rb
==> Dependencies
Build: pkg-config ✔️
Required: libidn2 ✔️, openssl ✔️
Optional: pcre ✔️, libmetalink ✘, gpgme ✘
==> Options
--with-debug
	Build with debug support
--with-gpgme
	Build with gpgme support
--with-libmetalink
	Build with libmetalink support
--with-pcre
	Build with pcre support
--HEAD
	Install HEAD version
==> Analytics
==> install (30d)
wget: 84516
wget --with-debug: 51
wget --with-libressl: 16
wget --with-pcre: 14
wget --with-pcre --with-libmetalink --with-gpgme: 12
wget --with-debug --with-pcre --with-libmetalink --with-gpgme: 8
wget --HEAD: 3
wget --HEAD --with-debug --with-libmetalink --with-gpgme: 3
wget --with-gpgme: 3
wget --with-libmetalink: 3
wget --with-pcre --with-libmetalink: 3
wget --with-debug --with-pcre: 2
wget --with-libmetalink --with-gpgme: 2
wget --with-pcre --with-gpgme: 2
==> install (90d)
wget: 353131
wget --with-debug: 188
wget --with-pcre: 138
wget --with-pcre --with-libmetalink --with-gpgme: 118
wget --with-libressl: 81
wget --with-debug --with-pcre --with-libmetalink --with-gpgme: 47
wget --with-pcre --with-libmetalink: 31
wget --HEAD: 13
wget --with-pcre --with-gpgme: 12
wget --with-gpgme: 11
wget --with-debug --with-pcre: 10
wget --with-libmetalink: 8
wget --HEAD --with-pcre --with-libmetalink --with-gpgme: 4
wget --with-debug --with-pcre --with-libmetalink: 4
wget --with-libmetalink --with-gpgme: 4
==> install (365d)
wget: 1369530
wget --with-pcre: 810
wget --with-debug: 649
wget --with-pcre --with-libmetalink --with-gpgme: 554
wget --with-libressl: 479
wget --with-debug --with-pcre --with-libmetalink --with-gpgme: 235
wget --with-pcre --with-libmetalink: 184
wget --with-gpgme: 67
wget --with-pcre --with-gpgme: 67
wget --with-debug --with-pcre: 65
wget --HEAD: 54
wget --with-libmetalink: 30
wget --with-libmetalink --with-gpgme: 27
wget --with-debug --with-pcre --with-libmetalink: 24
==> install_on_request (30d)
wget: 77827
wget --with-debug: 48
wget --with-pcre: 12
wget --with-pcre --with-libmetalink --with-gpgme: 11
wget --with-debug --with-pcre --with-libmetalink --with-gpgme: 8
wget --HEAD: 3
wget --HEAD --with-debug --with-libmetalink --with-gpgme: 3
wget --with-gpgme: 3
wget --with-libmetalink: 3
wget --with-debug --with-pcre: 2
wget --with-libmetalink --with-gpgme: 2
wget --with-pcre --with-gpgme: 2
wget --with-pcre --with-libmetalink: 2
==> install_on_request (90d)
wget: 290818
wget --with-debug: 157
wget --with-pcre --with-libmetalink --with-gpgme: 101
wget --with-pcre: 100
wget --with-debug --with-pcre --with-libmetalink --with-gpgme: 42
wget --with-pcre --with-libmetalink: 30
wget --HEAD: 13
wget --with-pcre --with-gpgme: 11
wget --with-gpgme: 10
wget --with-debug --with-pcre: 8
wget --with-libmetalink: 7
wget --HEAD --with-pcre --with-libmetalink --with-gpgme: 4
wget --with-debug --with-pcre --with-libmetalink: 4
==> install_on_request (365d)
wget: 1042845
wget --with-pcre: 504
wget --with-debug: 458
wget --with-pcre --with-libmetalink --with-gpgme: 432
wget --with-debug --with-pcre --with-libmetalink --with-gpgme: 201
wget --with-pcre --with-libmetalink: 158
wget --with-gpgme: 61
wget --HEAD: 54
wget --with-pcre --with-gpgme: 49
wget --with-debug --with-pcre: 47
wget --with-debug --with-pcre --with-libmetalink: 24
wget --with-libressl: 23
wget --with-libmetalink: 22
wget --with-libmetalink --with-gpgme: 20
==> build_error (30d)
wget: 9
wget --HEAD: 1
wget --with-debug: 1
```

Update minimum Git version.

dev-cmd/edit: simplify project view handling.

This forces the use of Homebrew's Git on El Capitan and below.
Normally I'd remove the need for this but given we're weeks away from
El Capitan being unsupported it doesn't seem worth the effort to remove
useful functionality. Instead, let's warn about an old Git and
autoinstall Homebrew's Git wherever needed.

Fixes #4818.

gitignore: general cleanup

os/mac: also update install on version bumps.

The way Homebrew is structured now there’s no need to manually
specify a few different directories here.

Remove a bunch of unneeded, old directories and generally cleanup.

I also just remembered this today so let’s add a comment reminder.

Revert "std: use HOMEBREW_ARCH env var on Linux"

 Rename `Hbc` module to `Cask`.

removes auto updates warning if greedy flag is included

std: use HOMEBREW_ARCH env var on Linux

Cask: check that the tools for quarantining are available

Use classes for instance doubles.

Rename `test/cask/cli` to `test/cask/cmd`.

Deprecate `brew cask --version`.

Remove redundant namespacing.

Add `$LOAD_PATH` for RuboCop cops.

gcc and glibc are implicit dependencies on Linux.
No other linkage to system libraries is expected or desired.

Unlike macOS, Linux installations can be installed/deployed on a
variety of hardware. The HOMEBREW_ARCH environment variable
allows the end user to set a custom -march=... option for the
compiler. If the variable is not set, it defaults to "native".

This only applies on Linux; on macOS, behavior remains unchanged.