Use parallel RuboCop

This requires updating to Rubocop 0.49.0 which will require some fixes
to rules, in Homebrew/brew and Homebrew/homebrew-core but opening this
for now so I remember.

Convert `FormulaLock` to more generic `LockFile`.

Use `Formatter::pluralize` where possible.

update-test: tweak more edge cases.

Don't try to `fetch --depth=1` unless we've confirmed the repository is
already shallow. Otherwise this can discard history from a full clone.

Additionally, if the repository wasn't shallow but there's no tags found
assume that Git is too old and try a naive sort if on Linux where `sort`
is able to sort versions.

update-test: improve no tags found messaging.

Currently you just get `Could not find start commit!` which is not as
explicit as it could be.

Improve some `brew install` messaging.

Match the "formula name in description" on word boundaries

Use `XDG_CACHE_HOME` for RuboCop.

- The regexp for the "check if formula name is used in formula's
  description" cop matches every instance of the formula name if it
  exists, whether it's in a word or not.
- For example, the formula `mon` has the description "Monitor
  hosts/services/whatever and alert about problems". This makes
  `brew audit --strict` complain because it matches "Monitor",
  which isn't the formula name! The formula `pass` has the description
  "Password manager".  Again, the strict audit matches "Password",
  which isn't an issue.
- Instead, this change matches on a word boundary, so it will match
  `mon:`, or `mon `, but not "Monitor", or, for example, "harmony".
- I've changed the tests to account for this change.

diagnostic: move some more macOS doctor checks.

Move some `brew doctor` checks that are pretty macOS specific so they
are only run on macOS.

Improve the messaging around `brew install` when there's a possible user
action such as an `upgrade` or `link` and don't tell people to
`install --force` when it's unnecessary.

While I did this, tweak the output and function usage in a couple of
related places.

Some example output before this change:
```
Warning: openssl is a keg-only and another version is linked to opt.
Use `brew install --force` if you want to install this version
Warning: mysql@5.6 is a keg-only and another version is linked to opt.
Use `brew install --force` if you want to install this version
Warning: analog-6.0_1 already installed
Warning: bash-completion@2-2.5 already installed, it's just not linked.
```

Some example output after this change:
```
Error: openssl 1.0.2k is already installed
To upgrade to 1.0.2l, run `brew upgrade openssl`
Warning: mysql@5.6 5.6.36_1 is already installed
Warning: analog 6.0_1 is already installed
Warning: bash-completion@2 2.5 is already installed, it's just not linked.
You can use `brew link bash-completion@2` to link this version.
```

Use Python's flock instead of Ruby's

Deprecate `--caskroom` flag.

Fix cli default options.

Vendor compatibility fixes

Relocate virtualenv orig-prefix

This works around older versions of `which`, which return a
string on failure.

Ruby first gained flock in 1.8.7, which is a problem since we're using
this lock utility in `vendor-install` in order to install a newer Ruby.

Fortunately, Python 2.3(!) has flock support.

Fix `uninstall` order.

Add `SUDO_ASKPASS` to `brew-cask` manpage.

Fix `previous_version_and_checksum` method.