The implementation of #eql? and #hash should ensure that if a.eql?(b),
then a.hash == b.hash, but #eql? itself should not *depend* on #hash.

For example, given

  class Thingy
    def eql?
      instance_of?(other.class) && hash == other.hash
    end

    def hash
      [name, *tags].hash
    end
  end

if #hash produces a collision for different values of [name, *tags], two
Thingy objects will appear to be eql?, even though this is not the case.
Instead, #eql? should depend on the equality of name and tags directly.

Refs Homebrew/homebrew#19182.

When expanding dependencies, repeated deps are treated as equal and all
but the first are discarded when #uniq is called on the resulting array.
However, they may have different sets of options attached, so we cannot
assume they are the same.

After the initial expansion, we group them by name and then create a new
Dependency object for each name, merging the options from each group.

Fixes Homebrew/homebrew#20335.

Fixes Homebrew/homebrew#19857.

New `depends_on :python` Dependency.
New `depends_on :python3` Dependency.

To avoid having multiple formulae with endings -py2 and -py3,
we will handle support for different pythons (2.x vs. 3.x)
in the same formula.
Further brewed vs. external python will be transparently supported.

The formula also gets a new object `python`, which is false if
no Python is available or the user has disabled it. Otherwise
it is defined and provides several support methods:

python.site_packages # the site-packages in the formula's Cellar
python.global_site_packages
python.binary # the full path to the python binary
python.prefix
python.version
python.version.major
python.version.minor
python.xy # => e.g. "python2.7"
python.incdir # includes of python
python.libdir # the python dylib library
python.pkg_config_path # used internally by brew
python.from_osx?
python.framework?
python.universal?
python.pypy?
python.standard_caveats # Text to set PYTHONPATH for python.from_osx?
python.if3then3 # => "" for 2.x and to "3" for 3.x.

Further, to avoid code duplication, `python` takes an optional
block that is run twice if the formula defines depends_on
:python AND :python3.

python do
  system python, 'setup.py', "--prefix=#{prefix}"
end

Read more in the Homebrew wiki.

This matches the eql? definition for requirements.

By always passing around a single, unnested array rather than splatting
and then defensively flattening and compacting things, we can avoid
allocating a bunch of unnecessary arrays. This gives a performance boost
of roughly 4% when enumerating 2500 formulae, and has the side effect of
cleaning up the dependency API.