[Support/Hash functions] Change the `final()` and `result()` of the hashing functions to return an array of bytes

Returning `std::array<uint8_t, N>` is better ergonomics for the hashing functions usage, instead of a `StringRef`:

* When returning `StringRef`, client code is "jumping through hoops" to do string manipulations instead of dealing with fixed array of bytes directly, which is more natural
* Returning `std::array<uint8_t, N>` avoids the need for the hasher classes to keep a field just for the purpose of wrapping it and returning it as a `StringRef`

As part of this patch also:

* Introduce `TruncatedBLAKE3` which is useful for using BLAKE3 as the hasher type for `HashBuilder` with non-default hash sizes.
* Make `MD5Result` inherit from `std::array<uint8_t, 16>` which improves & simplifies its API.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D123100