[asan] Add support for disable_sanitizer_instrumentation attribute

For ASan this will effectively serve as a synonym for
__attribute__((no_sanitize("address"))).

Adding the disable_sanitizer_instrumentation to functions will drop the
sanitize_XXX attributes on the IR level.

This is the third reland of https://reviews.llvm.org/D114421.
Now that TSan test is fixed (https://reviews.llvm.org/D120050) there
should be no deadlocks.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D120055