[mlir] Add support for operation-produced successor arguments in BranchOpInterface

This patch revamps the BranchOpInterface a bit and allows a proper implementation of what was previously `getMutableSuccessorOperands` for operations, which internally produce arguments to some of the block arguments. A motivating example for this would be an invoke op with a error handling path:
```
invoke %function(%0)
  label ^success ^error(%1 : i32)

^error(%e: !error, %arg0 : i32):
  ...
```
The advantages of this are that any users of `BranchOpInterface` can still argue over remaining block argument operands (such as `%1` in the example above), as well as make use of the modifying capabilities to add more operands, erase an operand etc.

The way this patch implements that functionality is via a new class called `SuccessorOperands`, which is now returned by `getSuccessorOperands`. It basically contains an `unsigned` denoting how many operator produced operands exist, as well as a `MutableOperandRange`, which are the usual forwarded operands we are used to. The produced operands are assumed to the first few block arguments, followed by the forwarded operands afterwards. The role of `SuccessorOperands` is to provide various utility functions to modify and query the successor arguments from a `BranchOpInterface`.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D123062