Summary:
When using `PRIu64` type of printf specifier, current code base does the following:
```
#ifndef __STDC_FORMAT_MACROS
#define __STDC_FORMAT_MACROS
#endif
#include <inttypes.h>
```
However, this can be simplified to
```
#include <cinttypes>
```
as long as flag `-std=c++11` is used.
This should solve issues like https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/issues/5159
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/5402

Differential Revision: D15701195

Pulled By: miasantreble

fbshipit-source-id: 6dac0a05f52aadb55e9728038599d3d2e4b59d03

Summary:
The patch cleans up the handling of cache hit/miss/insertion related
performance counters, get context counters, and statistics by
eliminating some code duplication and factoring out the affected logic
into separate methods. In addition, it makes the semantics of cache hit
metrics more consistent by changing the code so that accessing a
partition of partitioned indexes/filters through a pinned reference no
longer counts as a cache hit.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/5408

Differential Revision: D15610883

Pulled By: ltamasi

fbshipit-source-id: ee749c18965077aca971d8f8bee8b24ed8fa76f1

Summary:
This PR adds a help class block cache tracer to read/write block cache accesses. It uses the trace reader/writer to perform this task.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/5410

Differential Revision: D15612843

Pulled By: HaoyuHuang

fbshipit-source-id: f30fd1e1524355ca87db5d533a5c086728b141ea

Summary:
It's useful to be able to (optionally) associate key-value pairs with user-provided timestamps. This PR is an early effort towards this goal and continues the work of facebook#4942. A suite of new unit tests exist in DBBasicTestWithTimestampWithParam. Support for timestamp requires the user to provide timestamp as a slice in `ReadOptions` and `WriteOptions`. All timestamps of the same database must share the same length, format, etc. The format of the timestamp is the same throughout the same database, and the user is responsible for providing a comparator function (Comparator) to order the <key, timestamp> tuples. Once created, the format and length of the timestamp cannot change (at least for now).

Test plan (on devserver):
```
$COMPILE_WITH_ASAN=1 make -j32 all
$./db_basic_test --gtest_filter=Timestamp/DBBasicTestWithTimestampWithParam.PutAndGet/*
$make check
```
All tests must pass.

We also run the following db_bench tests to verify whether there is regression on Get/Put while timestamp is not enabled.
```
$TEST_TMPDIR=/dev/shm ./db_bench -benchmarks=fillseq,readrandom -num=1000000
$TEST_TMPDIR=/dev/shm ./db_bench -benchmarks=fillrandom -num=1000000
```
Repeat for 6 times for both versions.

Results are as follows:
```
|        | readrandom | fillrandom |
| master | 16.77 MB/s | 47.05 MB/s |
| PR5079 | 16.44 MB/s | 47.03 MB/s |
```
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/5079

Differential Revision: D15132946

Pulled By: riversand963

fbshipit-source-id: 833a0d657eac21182f0f206c910a6438154c742c

Summary:
Previous code has a warning when compile with tsan, leading to an error since we have -Werror.
Compilation result
```
In file included from ./env/env_chroot.h:12,
                 from env/env_test.cc:40:
./include/rocksdb/env.h: In instantiation of ‘rocksdb::Status rocksdb::DynamicLibrary::LoadFunction(const string&, std::function<T>*) [with T = void*(void*, const char*); std::__cxx11::string = std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>]’:
env/env_test.cc:260:5:   required from here
./include/rocksdb/env.h:1010:17: error: cast between incompatible function types from ‘rocksdb::DynamicLibrary::FunctionPtr’ {aka ‘void* (*)()’} to ‘void* (*)(void*, const char*)’ [-Werror=cast-function-type]
     *function = reinterpret_cast<T*>(ptr);
                 ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
cc1plus: all warnings being treated as errors
make: *** [env/env_test.o] Error 1
```
It also has another error reported by clang
```
env/env_posix.cc:141:11: warning: Value stored to 'err' during its initialization is never read
    char* err = dlerror();  // Clear any old error
          ^~~   ~~~~~~~~~
1 warning generated.
```

Test plan (on my devserver).
```
$make clean
$OPT=-g ROCKSDB_FBCODE_BUILD_WITH_PLATFORM007=1 COMPILE_WITH_TSAN=1 make -j32
$
$make clean
$USE_CLANG=1 TEST_TMPDIR=/dev/shm/rocksdb OPT=-g make -j1 analyze
```
Both should pass.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/5414

Differential Revision: D15637315

Pulled By: riversand963

fbshipit-source-id: 8e307483761019a4d5998cab92d49516d7edffbf

Summary:
We have users reporting linking error while building RocksDB using CMake, and we do not enable dynamic extension feature for them. The fix is to add `-DROCKSDB_NO_DYNAMIC_EXTENSION` to CMake by default.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/5419

Differential Revision: D15676792

Pulled By: riversand963

fbshipit-source-id: d45aaacfc64ea61646fd7329c352cd760145baf3

Summary:
Define the Env:: MultiRead() method to allow callers to request multiple block reads in one shot. The underlying Env implementation can parallelize it if it chooses to in order to reduce the overall IO latency.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/5311

Differential Revision: D15502172

Pulled By: anand1976

fbshipit-source-id: 2b228269c2e11b5f54694d6b2bb3119c8a8ce2b9

Summary:
With this commit, RocksDB secondary instance respects atomic groups in version edits.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/5411

Differential Revision: D15617512

Pulled By: HaoyuHuang

fbshipit-source-id: 913f4ede391d772dcaf5649e3cd2099fa292d120

Summary:
Flush/compaction use `MergeUntil` which has a special code path to
handle a merge ending with a non-`Merge` point key. In particular if
that key is a `Put` we forgot to check whether it is covered by a range
tombstone. If it is covered then we must not include it in the following call
to `TimedFullMerge`.

Fixes #5392.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/5406

Differential Revision: D15611144

Pulled By: sagar0

fbshipit-source-id: ba6a7863ca2d043f591de78fd0c4f4561f0c500e

Summary:
This change adds a Dynamic Library class to the RocksDB Env.  Dynamic libraries are populated via the  Env::LoadLibrary method.

The addition of dynamic library support allows for a few different features to be developed:
1.  The compression code can be changed to use dynamic library support.  This would allow RocksDB to determine at run-time what compression packages were installed.  This change would eliminate the need to make sure the build-time and run-time environment had the same library set.  It would also simplify some of the Java build issues (where it attempts to build and include various packages inside the RocksDB jars).

2.  Along with other features (to be provided in a subsequent PR), this change would allow code/configurations to be added to RocksDB at run-time.  For example, the build system includes code for building an "rados" environment and adding "Cassandra" features.  Instead of these extensions being built into the base RocksDB code, these extensions could be loaded at run-time as required/appropriate, either by configuration or explicitly.

We intend to push out other changes in support of the extending RocksDB at run-time via configurations.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/5281

Differential Revision: D15447613

Pulled By: riversand963

fbshipit-source-id: 452cd4f54511c0bceee18f6d9d919aae9fd25fef

Summary:
The PR #5275 separated the column dropped and shutdown status codes. However, there were a couple of places in compaction where this change ended up treating a ShutdownInProgress() error as a real error and set bg_error. This caused MyRocks unit test to fail due to WAL writes during shutdown returning this error. Fix it by ignoring the shutdown status during compaction.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/5400

Differential Revision: D15611680

Pulled By: anand1976

fbshipit-source-id: c602e97840e3ae24eb420d61e0ce95d3e6258632

Summary:
Currently we validate options in DB::Open. However the validation step is missing when options are dynamically updated in ::SetOptions. The patch fixes that.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/5368

Differential Revision: D15540101

Pulled By: maysamyabandeh

fbshipit-source-id: d27bbffd8f0252d1b50bcf59e0a70a278ed937f4

Summary:
util/ means for lower level libraries. trace_replay is highly integrated to DB and sometimes call DB. Move it out to a separate directory.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/5376

Differential Revision: D15550938

Pulled By: siying

fbshipit-source-id: f46dce5ceffdc05a73f26379c7bb1b79ebe6c207

Summary:
The commit makes GetEntryFromCache become a member function. It also makes all its callers become member functions.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/5394

Differential Revision: D15579222

Pulled By: HaoyuHuang

fbshipit-source-id: 07509c42ee9022dcded54950012bd3bd562aa1ae

Summary:
Many logging related source files are under util/. It will be more structured if they are together.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/5387

Differential Revision: D15579036

Pulled By: siying

fbshipit-source-id: 3850134ed50b8c0bb40a0c8ae1f184fa4081303f

Summary:
log_write_bench doesn't compile due to some recent API changes.
This patch fixes the compile by adding the missing params for
OptimizeForLogWrite() and WritableFileWriter().

Signed-off-by: Yuan Zhou <yuan.zhou@intel.com>
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/5335

Differential Revision: D15588875

Pulled By: miasantreble

fbshipit-source-id: 726ff4dc227733e915c3b796df25bd3ab0b431ac

Summary:
Clang analyzer is reporting a false positive warning thinking `type` is uninitialized. The variable is initialized by `ParseFileName` by reference so assigning a default value to keep clang happy.
Current failure:
```
file/filename.cc:435:15: warning: The left operand of '==' is a garbage value
        (type == kInfoLogFile)) {
         ~~~~ ^
1 warning generated.
```
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/5398

Differential Revision: D15588421

Pulled By: miasantreble

fbshipit-source-id: fb121c270300f3a659e68bc7f6674ff4ddf2df9a

Summary: Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/5395

Differential Revision: D15581698

Pulled By: vjnadimpalli

fbshipit-source-id: f415972f16e784b1361714c202b97defcab46767

Summary: Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/5390

Differential Revision: D15579388

Pulled By: vjnadimpalli

fbshipit-source-id: 5bfc95e31554b8ff05b97b76d6534113f527f366

Summary:
Many methods are passing around pointers to non-const objects when in fact
they do not/should not modify said objects. The patch makes the semantics
clearer and also helps from a thread safety point-of-view by changing some
pointers to pointers-to-const and marking some instance methods as const.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/5383

Differential Revision: D15562770

Pulled By: ltamasi

fbshipit-source-id: 89361dadbb8b25bbe54d17e8da28fee24a2419af

Auto roll logger to enforce options.keep_log_file_num immediately after a new file is created (#5370)

Summary:
Right now, with auto roll logger, options.keep_log_file_num enforcement is triggered by events like DB reopen or full obsolete scan happens. In the mean time, the size and number of log files can grow without a limit. We put a stronger enforcement to the option, so that the number of log files can always under control.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/5370

Differential Revision: D15570413

Pulled By: siying

fbshipit-source-id: 0916c3c4d42ab8fdd29389ee7fd7e1557b03176e

Summary: Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/5388

Differential Revision: D15579052

Pulled By: siying

fbshipit-source-id: ee58770fe023f40b9aa189a225e4c7ef50613ea9

Summary:
Add macro ROCKSDB_LITE to fix compilation.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/5391

Differential Revision: D15574522

Pulled By: riversand963

fbshipit-source-id: 95aea83c5d9b2bf98a3ba0ef9167b63c9be2988b

Summary:
In order to improve code readability, this PR moves LevelCompactionBuilder and LevelCompactionPicker to compaction_picker_level.h and .cc
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/5369

Differential Revision: D15540172

Pulled By: miasantreble

fbshipit-source-id: c1a578b93f127cd63661b53f32b356e6edd349af

Summary:
The methods and fields in the private section of DBImpl were all intermingled, making it hard to figure out where the fields/methods start and where they end. I cleaned up the code a little so that all the type declaration are at the beginning, followed by methods, and all the data fields are at the end. This follows
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/5385

Differential Revision: D15566978

Pulled By: sagar0

fbshipit-source-id: 4618a7d819ad4e2d7cc9ae1af2c59f400140bb1b

Summary:
1. Fix a bug in WAL replay in which write batches with old sequence numbers are mistakenly inserted into memtables.
2. Add support for benchmarking secondary instance to db_bench_tool.
With changes made in this PR, we can start benchmarking secondary instance
using two processes. It is also possible to vary the frequency at which the
secondary instance tries to catch up with the primary. The info log of the
secondary can be found in a directory whose path can be specified with
'-secondary_path'.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/5170

Differential Revision: D15564608

Pulled By: riversand963

fbshipit-source-id: ce97688ed3d33f69d3a0b9266ebbbbf887aa0ec8

Summary:
Move arena, allocator, and memory tools under util to a separate memory/ directory.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/5382

Differential Revision: D15564655

Pulled By: siying

fbshipit-source-id: 9cd6b5d0d3d52b39606e19221fa154596e5852a5

Summary:
As title.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/5348

Differential Revision: D15564595

Pulled By: riversand963

fbshipit-source-id: dd45aa86a70e0343c2e9ef702fad165163f548e6

Summary:
Fix flaky DBTest2.PresetCompressionDict test.

This PR fixes two issues with the test:
1. Replaces `GetSstFiles` with `TotalSize`, which is based on `DB::GetColumnFamilyMetaData` so that only the size of the live SST files is taken into consideration when computing the total size of all sst files. Earlier, with `GetSstFiles`, even obsolete files were getting picked up.
1. In ZSTD compression, it is sometimes possible that using a trained dictionary is not better than using an untrained one. Using a trained dictionary performs well in 99% of the cases, but still in the remaining ~1% of the cases (out of 10000 runs) using an untrained dictionary gets better compression results.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/5378

Differential Revision: D15559100

Pulled By: sagar0

fbshipit-source-id: c35adbf13871f520a2cec48f8bad9ff27ff7a0b4

Summary: Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/5373

Differential Revision: D15559425

Pulled By: vjnadimpalli

fbshipit-source-id: 5d6d6d615582bedd96a4b879bb25d429a6de8b55

Summary: Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/5380

Differential Revision: D15563386

Pulled By: sagar0

fbshipit-source-id: 8b26aef47cfc40ff8016daf815582f21cdd40df2

Summary:
Currently, when the block cache is used for index blocks as well, it is
not really the index block that is stored in the cache but an
IndexReader object. Since this object is not pure data (it has, for
instance, pointers that might dangle), it's not really sharable. To
avoid the issues around this, the current code uses a dummy unique cache
key for each TableReader to store the IndexReader, and erases the
IndexReader entry when the TableReader is closed. Instead of doing this,
the new code moves the IndexReader out of the cache altogether. In
particular, instead of the TableReader owning, or caching/pinning the
IndexReader based on the customer's settings, the TableReader
unconditionally owns the IndexReader, which in turn owns/caches/pins
the index block (which is itself sharable and thus can be safely put in
the cache without any hacks).

Note: the change has two side effects:
1) Partitions of partitioned indexes no longer affect the read
amplification statistics.
2) Eviction statistics for index blocks are temporarily broken. We plan to fix
this in a separate phase.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/5298

Differential Revision: D15303203

Pulled By: ltamasi

fbshipit-source-id: 935a69ba59d87d5e44f42e2310619b790c366e47

Summary:
When the --reopen option is non-zero, the DB is reopened after every ops_per_thread/(reopen+1) ops, with the check being done after every op. With MultiGet, we might do multiple ops in one iteration, which broke the logic that checked when to synchronize among the threads and reopen the DB. This PR fixes that logic.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/5374

Differential Revision: D15559780

Pulled By: anand1976

fbshipit-source-id: ee6563a68045df7f367eca3cbc2500d3e26359ef

Summary:
There are too many types of files under util/. Some test related files don't belong to there or just are just loosely related. Mo
ve them to a new directory test_util/, so that util/ is cleaner.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/5377

Differential Revision: D15551366

Pulled By: siying

fbshipit-source-id: 0f5c8653832354ef8caa31749c0143815d719e2c

Summary:
By increasing the ratio, we ensure that all files go through background deletion and eliminate flakiness due to timing of deletions.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/5366

Differential Revision: D15549992

Pulled By: anand1976

fbshipit-source-id: d137375cd791fc1a802841412755d6e2b8fd7688

Summary:
When dynamically setting options, we check the option type info and skip options that are marked deprecated. However this check is only done at top level, which results in bugs where SetOptions will corrupt option values and cause unexpected system behavior iff a deprecated second level option is set dynamically.
For exmaple, the following call:
```
dbfull()->SetOptions(
    {{"compaction_options_fifo",
        "{allow_compaction=true;max_table_files_size=1024;ttl=731;}"}});
```
was from pre 6.0 release when `ttl` was part of `compaction_options_fifo`. Now that it got moved out of `compaction_options_fifo`, this call will incorrectly set `compaction_options_fifo.max_table_files_size` to 731 (as `max_table_files_size` is the first one in `OptionsHelper::fifo_compaction_options_type_info` struct) and cause files to gett evicted much faster than expected.

This PR adds verification to second level options like `compaction_options_fifo.ttl` or `compaction_options_fifo.max_table_files_size` when set dynamically, and filter out those marked as deprecated.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/5367

Differential Revision: D15530998

Pulled By: miasantreble

fbshipit-source-id: 818258be5c3abe09cd82d62f3c083572d70fecdd

Summary:
util/ means for lower level libraries, so it's a good idea to move the files which requires knowledge to DB out. Create a file/ and move some files there.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/5375

Differential Revision: D15550935

Pulled By: siying

fbshipit-source-id: 61a9715dcde5386eebfb43e93f847bba1ae0d3f2

Summary:
This enables the user to set TransactionDBOptions::skip_concurrency_control so the standard `DB::Write(const WriteOptions& opts, WriteBatch* updates)` would skip the concurrency control. This would give higher throughput to the users who know their use case doesn't need concurrency control.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/5330

Differential Revision: D15525932

Pulled By: maysamyabandeh

fbshipit-source-id: 68421ac1ba34f549a4a8de9ce4c2dccf6fb4b06b

Summary:
When committing a transaction without prepare, WritePrepared simply writes the batch to db and add the commit entry to CommitCache. When two_write_queues=true, following the rule of committing only from 2nd write queue, the first write, writes the batch and the only thing the 2nd write does is to write the commit entry to CommitCache. Currently the write batch in 2nd write is set to an empty LogData entry, while the write to the WAL could simply be entirely disabled.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/5327

Differential Revision: D15424546

Pulled By: maysamyabandeh

fbshipit-source-id: 3d9ea3922d5196984c584d62a3ed57e1f7ca7b9f

Summary: Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/5357

Differential Revision: D15522825

Pulled By: siying

fbshipit-source-id: d775386b9d10c7179f5d3af2c821ed213abfacdf