Summary:
* Print stack trace on status checked failure
* Make folly_synchronization_distributed_mutex_test a parallel test
* Disable ldb_test.py and rocksdb_dump_test.sh with
  ASSERT_STATUS_CHECKED (broken)
* Fix shadow warning in random_access_file_reader.h reported by gcc
  4.8.5 (ROCKSDB_NO_FBCODE), also https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/issues/6866
* Work around compiler bug on max_align_t for gcc < 4.9
* Remove an apparently wrong comment in status.h
* Use check_some in Travis config (for proper diagnostic output)
* Fix ignored Status in loop in options_helper.cc
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/6871

Test Plan: manual, CI

Reviewed By: ajkr

Differential Revision: D21706619

Pulled By: pdillinger

fbshipit-source-id: daf6364173d6689904eb394461a69a11f5bee2cb

Summary:
In current commit protocol of pessimistic transaction, if the transaction is not prepared before commit, the commit protocol implicitly assumes that the user wants to commit without prepare.

This PR adds TransactionOptions::skip_prepare, the default value is `true` because if set to `false`, all existing users who commit without prepare need to update their code to set skip_prepare to true. Although this does not force the user to explicitly express their intention of skip_prepare, it at least lets the user be aware of the assumption of being able to commit without prepare.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/6775

Test Plan: added a new unit test TransactionTest::CommitWithoutPrepare

Reviewed By: lth

Differential Revision: D21313270

Pulled By: cheng-chang

fbshipit-source-id: 3d95b7c9b2d6cdddc09bdd66c561bc4fae8c3251

Summary:
Since read threads do not coordinate on loading data into block
cache, two threads between Lookup and Insert can end up loading and
inserting the same data. This is particularly concerning with
cache_index_and_filter_blocks since those are hot and more likely to
be race targets if ejected from (or not pre-populated in) the cache.

Particularly with moves toward disaggregated / network storage, the cost
of redundant retrieval might be high, and we should at least have some
hard statistics from which we can estimate impact.

Example with full filter thrashing "cliff":

    $ ./db_bench --benchmarks=fillrandom --num=15000000 --cache_index_and_filter_blocks -bloom_bits=10
    ...
    $ ./db_bench --db=/tmp/rocksdbtest-172704/dbbench --use_existing_db --benchmarks=readrandom,stats --num=200000 --cache_index_and_filter_blocks --cache_size=$((130 * 1024 * 1024)) --bloom_bits=10 --threads=16 -statistics 2>&1 | egrep '^rocksdb.block.cache.(.*add|.*redundant)' | grep -v compress | sort
    rocksdb.block.cache.add COUNT : 14181
    rocksdb.block.cache.add.failures COUNT : 0
    rocksdb.block.cache.add.redundant COUNT : 476
    rocksdb.block.cache.data.add COUNT : 12749
    rocksdb.block.cache.data.add.redundant COUNT : 18
    rocksdb.block.cache.filter.add COUNT : 1003
    rocksdb.block.cache.filter.add.redundant COUNT : 217
    rocksdb.block.cache.index.add COUNT : 429
    rocksdb.block.cache.index.add.redundant COUNT : 241
    $ ./db_bench --db=/tmp/rocksdbtest-172704/dbbench --use_existing_db --benchmarks=readrandom,stats --num=200000 --cache_index_and_filter_blocks --cache_size=$((120 * 1024 * 1024)) --bloom_bits=10 --threads=16 -statistics 2>&1 | egrep '^rocksdb.block.cache.(.*add|.*redundant)' | grep -v compress | sort
    rocksdb.block.cache.add COUNT : 1182223
    rocksdb.block.cache.add.failures COUNT : 0
    rocksdb.block.cache.add.redundant COUNT : 302728
    rocksdb.block.cache.data.add COUNT : 31425
    rocksdb.block.cache.data.add.redundant COUNT : 12
    rocksdb.block.cache.filter.add COUNT : 795455
    rocksdb.block.cache.filter.add.redundant COUNT : 130238
    rocksdb.block.cache.index.add COUNT : 355343
    rocksdb.block.cache.index.add.redundant COUNT : 172478
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/6681

Test Plan: Some manual testing (above) and unit test covering key metrics is included

Reviewed By: ltamasi

Differential Revision: D21134113

Pulled By: pdillinger

fbshipit-source-id: c11497b5f00f4ffdfe919823904e52d0a1a91d87

Summary:
When dynamically linking two binaries together, different builds of RocksDB from two sources might cause errors. To provide a tool for user to solve the problem, the RocksDB namespace is changed to a flag which can be overridden in build time.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/6433

Test Plan: Build release, all and jtest. Try to build with ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE with another flag.

Differential Revision: D19977691

fbshipit-source-id: aa7f2d0972e1c31d75339ac48478f34f6cfcfb3e

Summary:
The current Env API encompasses both storage/file operations, as well as OS related operations. Most of the APIs return a Status, which does not have enough metadata about an error, such as whether its retry-able or not, scope (i.e fault domain) of the error etc., that may be required in order to properly handle a storage error. The file APIs also do not provide enough control over the IO SLA, such as timeout, prioritization, hinting about placement and redundancy etc.

This PR separates out the file/storage APIs from Env into a new FileSystem class. The APIs are updated to return an IOStatus with metadata about the error, as well as to take an IOOptions structure as input in order to allow more control over the IO.

The user can set both ```options.env``` and ```options.file_system``` to specify that RocksDB should use the former for OS related operations and the latter for storage operations. Internally, a ```CompositeEnvWrapper``` has been introduced that inherits from ```Env``` and redirects individual methods to either an ```Env``` implementation or the ```FileSystem``` as appropriate. When options are sanitized during ```DB::Open```, ```options.env``` is replaced with a newly allocated ```CompositeEnvWrapper``` instance if both env and file_system have been specified. This way, the rest of the RocksDB code can continue to function as before.

This PR also ports PosixEnv to the new API by splitting it into two - PosixEnv and PosixFileSystem. PosixEnv is defined as a sub-class of CompositeEnvWrapper, and threading/time functions are overridden with Posix specific implementations in order to avoid an extra level of indirection.

The ```CompositeEnvWrapper``` translates ```IOStatus``` return code to ```Status```, and sets the severity to ```kSoftError``` if the io_status is retryable. The error handling code in RocksDB can then recover the DB automatically.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/5761

Differential Revision: D18868376

Pulled By: anand1976

fbshipit-source-id: 39efe18a162ea746fabac6360ff529baba48486f

Summary:
Manual compaction may bring in very high load because sometime the amount of data involved in a compaction could be large, which may affect online service. So it would be good if the running compaction making the server busy can be stopped immediately. In this implementation, stopping manual compaction condition is only checked in slow process. We let deletion compaction and trivial move go through.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/3971

Test Plan: add tests at more spots.

Differential Revision: D17369043

fbshipit-source-id: 575a624fb992ce0bb07d9443eb209e547740043c

Summary:
This is a new API added to db.h to allow for fetching all merge operands associated with a Key. The main motivation for this API is to support use cases where doing a full online merge is not necessary as it is performance sensitive. Example use-cases:
1. Update subset of columns and read subset of columns -
Imagine a SQL Table, a row is encoded as a K/V pair (as it is done in MyRocks). If there are many columns and users only updated one of them, we can use merge operator to reduce write amplification. While users only read one or two columns in the read query, this feature can avoid a full merging of the whole row, and save some CPU.
2. Updating very few attributes in a value which is a JSON-like document -
Updating one attribute can be done efficiently using merge operator, while reading back one attribute can be done more efficiently if we don't need to do a full merge.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
API :
Status GetMergeOperands(
      const ReadOptions& options, ColumnFamilyHandle* column_family,
      const Slice& key, PinnableSlice* merge_operands,
      GetMergeOperandsOptions* get_merge_operands_options,
      int* number_of_operands)

Example usage :
int size = 100;
int number_of_operands = 0;
std::vector<PinnableSlice> values(size);
GetMergeOperandsOptions merge_operands_info;
db_->GetMergeOperands(ReadOptions(), db_->DefaultColumnFamily(), "k1", values.data(), merge_operands_info, &number_of_operands);

Description :
Returns all the merge operands corresponding to the key. If the number of merge operands in DB is greater than merge_operands_options.expected_max_number_of_operands no merge operands are returned and status is Incomplete. Merge operands returned are in the order of insertion.
merge_operands-> Points to an array of at-least merge_operands_options.expected_max_number_of_operands and the caller is responsible for allocating it. If the status returned is Incomplete then number_of_operands will contain the total number of merge operands found in DB for key.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/5604

Test Plan:
Added unit test and perf test in db_bench that can be run using the command:
./db_bench -benchmarks=getmergeoperands --merge_operator=sortlist

Differential Revision: D16657366

Pulled By: vjnadimpalli

fbshipit-source-id: 0faadd752351745224ee12d4ae9ef3cb529951bf

Summary:
Currently RocksDB uses Status::ShutdownInProgress to inform about column family drop. I would like to have a separate Status code for this event.
https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/blob/master/include/rocksdb/status.h#L55
Comment on this:
https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/blob/abc4202e47eb433dc731911af38f232d2148428c/db/version_set.cc#L2742:L2743
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/5275

Differential Revision: D15204583

Pulled By: vjnadimpalli

fbshipit-source-id: 95e99e34b27bc165b554ecb8a48a7f8e60f21e2a

Summary:
Automatically format public headers so it looks more consistent.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/5115

Differential Revision: D14632854

Pulled By: siying

fbshipit-source-id: ce9929ea62f9dcd65c69660b23eed1931cb0ae84

Summary:
This PR allows RocksDB to run in single-primary, multi-secondary process mode.
The writer is a regular RocksDB (e.g. an `DBImpl`) instance playing the role of a primary.
Multiple `DBImplSecondary` processes (secondaries) share the same set of SST files, MANIFEST, WAL files with the primary. Secondaries tail the MANIFEST of the primary and apply updates to their own in-memory state of the file system, e.g. `VersionStorageInfo`.

This PR has several components:
1. (Originally in #4745). Add a `PathNotFound` subcode to `IOError` to denote the failure when a secondary tries to open a file which has been deleted by the primary.

2. (Similar to #4602). Add `FragmentBufferedReader` to handle partially-read, trailing record at the end of a log from where future read can continue.

3. (Originally in #4710 and #4820). Add implementation of the secondary, i.e. `DBImplSecondary`.
3.1 Tail the primary's MANIFEST during recovery.
3.2 Tail the primary's MANIFEST during normal processing by calling `ReadAndApply`.
3.3 Tailing WAL will be in a future PR.

4. Add an example in 'examples/multi_processes_example.cc' to demonstrate the usage of secondary RocksDB instance in a multi-process setting. Instructions to run the example can be found at the beginning of the source code.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/4899

Differential Revision: D14510945

Pulled By: riversand963

fbshipit-source-id: 4ac1c5693e6012ad23f7b4b42d3c374fecbe8886

Summary:
As you know, almost all compilers support "pragma once" keyword instead of using include guards. To be keep consistency between header files, all header files are edited.

Besides this, try to fix some warnings about loss of data.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/4339

Differential Revision: D9654990

Pulled By: ajkr

fbshipit-source-id: c2cf3d2d03a599847684bed81378c401920ca848

Summary:
The member msgs of class Status contains all types of status messages.
When users dump a Status object, msgs will confuse users. So move it out
of class Status by making it as file-local static variable.

Closes #3831 .
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/4144

Differential Revision: D8941419

Pulled By: sagar0

fbshipit-source-id: 56b0510258465ff26db15aa6b04e01532e053e3d

Summary:
- Avoid `strdup` to use jemalloc on Windows
- Use `size_t` for consistency
- Add GCC 8 to Travis
- Add CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release to Travis
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/3433

Differential Revision: D6837948

Pulled By: sagar0

fbshipit-source-id: b8543c3a4da9cd07ee9a33f9f4623188e233261f

Summary:
Currently, if RocksDB encounters errors during a write operation (user requested or BG operations), it sets DBImpl::bg_error_ and fails subsequent writes. This PR allows the DB to be resumed for certain classes of errors. It consists of 3 parts -
1. Introduce Status::Severity in rocksdb::Status to indicate whether a given error can be recovered from or not
2. Refactor the error handling code so that setting bg_error_ and deciding on severity is in one place
3. Provide an API for the user to clear the error and resume the DB instance

This whole change is broken up into multiple PRs. Initially, we only allow clearing the error for Status::NoSpace() errors during background flush/compaction. Subsequent PRs will expand this to include more errors and foreground operations such as Put(), and implement a polling mechanism for out-of-space errors.
Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/3997

Differential Revision: D8653831

Pulled By: anand1976

fbshipit-source-id: 6dc835c76122443a7668497c0226b4f072bc6afd

Summary:
Various rearrangements of the cch maths failed or replacing = '\0' with
memset failed to convince the compiler it was nul terminated. So took
the perverse option of changing strncpy to strcpy.

Return null if memory couldn't be allocated.

util/status.cc: In static member function ‘static const char* rocksdb::Status::CopyState(const char*)’:
util/status.cc:28:15: error: ‘char* strncpy(char*, const char*, size_t)’ output truncated before terminating nul copying as many bytes from a string as its length [-Werror=stringop-truncation]
   std::strncpy(result, state, cch - 1);
   ~~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
util/status.cc:19:18: note: length computed here
       std::strlen(state) + 1; // +1 for the null terminator
       ~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~~~~
cc1plus: all warnings being treated as errors
make: *** [Makefile:645: shared-objects/util/status.o] Error 1

closes #2705
Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/3870

Differential Revision: D8594114

Pulled By: anand1976

fbshipit-source-id: ab20f3a456a711e4d29144ebe630e4fe3c99ec25

Summary:
This diff handles cases where compaction causes an ENOSPC error.
This does not handle corner cases where another background job is started while compaction is running, and the other background job triggers ENOSPC, although we do allow the user to provision for these background jobs with SstFileManager::SetCompactionBufferSize.
It also does not handle the case where compaction has finished and some other background job independently triggers ENOSPC.

Usage: Functionality is inside SstFileManager. In particular, users should set SstFileManager::SetMaxAllowedSpaceUsage, which is the reference highwatermark for determining whether to cancel compactions.
Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/3449

Differential Revision: D7016941

Pulled By: amytai

fbshipit-source-id: 8965ab8dd8b00972e771637a41b4e6c645450445

Summary: Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/2589

Differential Revision: D5431502

Pulled By: siying

fbshipit-source-id: 8ebf8c87883daa9daa54b2303d11ce01ab1f6f75

Summary:
Extend TransactionOptions to include max_write_batch_size which determines the maximum size of the writebatch representation. If memory limit is exceeded, the operation will abort with subcode kMemoryLimit.
Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/2124

Differential Revision: D4861842

Pulled By: lth

fbshipit-source-id: 46fd172ea67cc90bbba829bf0d70cfab2261c161

Summary:
I'd like to propose a patch to expose a new IOError type with subcode kStaleFile to allow to detect when ESTALE error is returned. This allows the rocksdb consumers to handle this error separately from other IOErrors.

I've also added a missing string representation for the kDeadlock subcode, I believe calling ToString() on Status object with that subcode would result in an out of band access in the msgs array,

Please let me know if you have any questions or would like me to make any changes to this pull request.
Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/1748

Differential Revision: D4387675

Pulled By: IslamAbdelRahman

fbshipit-source-id: 67feb13

Summary:
This fixes the Java API for Status#getState use in Native code and also simplifies the implementation of rocksdb::Status::getState.
Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/issues/1688
Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/1714

Differential Revision: D4364181

Pulled By: yiwu-arbug

fbshipit-source-id: 8e073b4

Summary: Implement deadlock detection. This is done by maintaining a TxnID -> TxnID map which represents the edges in the wait for graph (this is named `wait_txn_map_`).

Test Plan: transaction_test

Reviewers: IslamAbdelRahman, sdong

Reviewed By: sdong

Subscribers: andrewkr, dhruba

Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D64491

Add a sub code to distinguish "out of space" errors from regular I/O errors

Add Status to RocksDBException so that meaningful function result Status from the C++ API isn't lost (#1273)

  Status is a class which is frequently returned by value from functions.
  Making it movable avoids 99% of the copies automatically
  on return by value.

Summary:
This patch allows rocksdb to persist options into a file on
DB::Open, SetOptions, and Create / Drop ColumnFamily.
Options files are created under the same directory as the rocksdb
instance.

In addition, this patch also adds a fail_if_missing_options_file in DBOptions
that makes any function call return non-ok status when it is not able to
persist options properly.

  // If true, then DB::Open / CreateColumnFamily / DropColumnFamily
  // / SetOptions will fail if options file is not detected or properly
  // persisted.
  //
  // DEFAULT: false
  bool fail_if_missing_options_file;

Options file names are formatted as OPTIONS-<number>, and RocksDB
will always keep the latest two options files.

Test Plan:
Add options_file_test.

options_test
column_family_test

Reviewers: igor, IslamAbdelRahman, sdong, anthony

Reviewed By: anthony

Subscribers: dhruba

Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D48285

Summary: Provide a way to specify a detailed static error message for a Status without incurring a memcpy.  Let me know what people think of this approach.

Test Plan: added simple test

Reviewers: igor, yhchiang, rven, sdong

Reviewed By: sdong

Subscribers: dhruba, leveldb

Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D44259

Summary:
While working on supporting mixing merge operators with
single deletes ( https://reviews.facebook.net/D43179 ),
I realized that returning and dealing with merge results
can be made simpler. Submitting this as a separate diff
because it is not directly related to single deletes.

Before, callers of merge helper had to retrieve the merge
result in one of two ways depending on whether the merge
was successful or not (success = result of merge was single
kTypeValue). For successful merges, the caller could query
the resulting key/value pair and for unsuccessful merges,
the result could be retrieved in the form of two deques of
keys and values. However, with single deletes, a successful merge
does not return a single key/value pair (if merge
operands are merged with a single delete, we have to generate
a value and keep the original single delete around to make
sure that we are not accidentially producing a key overwrite).
In addition, the two existing call sites of the merge
helper were taking the same actions independently from whether
the merge was successful or not, so this patch simplifies that.

Test Plan: make clean all check

Reviewers: rven, sdong, yhchiang, anthony, igor

Reviewed By: igor

Subscribers: dhruba, leveldb

Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D43353

Summary:
Based on feedback from spetrunia, we should better differentiate error statuses for transaction failures.

https://github.com/MySQLOnRocksDB/mysql-5.6/issues/86#issuecomment-124605954

Test Plan: unit tests

Reviewers: rven, kradhakrishnan, spetrunia, yhchiang, sdong

Reviewed By: sdong

Subscribers: dhruba, leveldb

Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D43323

Summary:
Initial implementation of Pessimistic Transactions.  This diff contains the api changes discussed in D38913.  This diff is pretty large, so let me know if people would prefer to meet up to discuss it.

MyRocks folks:  please take a look at the API in include/rocksdb/utilities/transaction[_db].h and let me know if you have any issues.

Also, you'll notice a couple of TODOs in the implementation of RollbackToSavePoint().  After chatting with Siying, I'm going to send out a separate diff for an alternate implementation of this feature that implements the rollback inside of WriteBatch/WriteBatchWithIndex.  We can then decide which route is preferable.

Next, I'm planning on doing some perf testing and then integrating this diff into MongoRocks for further testing.

Test Plan: Unit tests, db_bench parallel testing.

Reviewers: igor, rven, sdong, yhchiang, yoshinorim

Reviewed By: sdong

Subscribers: hermanlee4, maykov, spetrunia, leveldb, dhruba

Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D40869

Summary: Add new CheckFileExists method.  Considered changing the FileExists api but didn't want to break anyone's builds.

Test Plan: unit tests

Reviewers: yhchiang, igor, sdong

Reviewed By: sdong

Subscribers: dhruba, leveldb

Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D42003

Summary:
In one of our recent meetings, we discussed deprecating features that are not being actively used. One of those features, at least within Facebook, is timeout_hint. The feature is really nicely implemented, but if nobody needs it, we should remove it from our code-base (until we get a valid use-case). Some arguments:
* Less code == better icache hit rate, smaller builds, simpler code
* The motivation for adding timeout_hint_us was to work-around RocksDB's stall issue. However, we're currently addressing the stall issue itself (see @sdong's recent work on stall write_rate), so we should never see sharp lock-ups in the future.
* Nobody is using the feature within Facebook's code-base. Googling for `timeout_hint_us` also doesn't yield any users.

Test Plan: make check

Reviewers: anthony, kradhakrishnan, sdong, yhchiang

Reviewed By: yhchiang

Subscribers: sdong, dhruba, leveldb

Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D41937

Summary: Optimistic transactions supporting begin/commit/rollback semantics.  Currently relies on checking the memtable to determine if there are any collisions at commit time.  Not yet implemented would be a way of enuring the memtable has some minimum amount of history so that we won't fail to commit when the memtable is empty.  You should probably start with transaction.h to get an overview of what is currently supported.

Test Plan: Added a new test, but still need to look into stress testing.

Reviewers: yhchiang, igor, rven, sdong

Reviewed By: sdong

Subscribers: adamretter, MarkCallaghan, leveldb, dhruba

Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D33435

Summary:
This diff adds three sets of APIs to RocksDB.

= GetColumnFamilyMetaData =
* This APIs allow users to obtain the current state of a RocksDB instance on one column family.
* See GetColumnFamilyMetaData in include/rocksdb/db.h

= EventListener =
* A virtual class that allows users to implement a set of
  call-back functions which will be called when specific
  events of a RocksDB instance happens.
* To register EventListener, simply insert an EventListener to ColumnFamilyOptions::listeners

= CompactFiles =
* CompactFiles API inputs a set of file numbers and an output level, and RocksDB
  will try to compact those files into the specified level.

= Example =
* Example code can be found in example/compact_files_example.cc, which implements
  a simple external compactor using EventListener, GetColumnFamilyMetaData, and
  CompactFiles API.

Test Plan:
listener_test
compactor_test
example/compact_files_example
export ROCKSDB_TESTS=CompactFiles
db_test
export ROCKSDB_TESTS=MetaData
db_test

Reviewers: ljin, igor, rven, sdong

Reviewed By: sdong

Subscribers: MarkCallaghan, dhruba, leveldb

Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D24705

Summary: It turns out that -Wshadow has different rules for gcc than clang. Previous commit fixed clang. This commits fixes the rest of the warnings for gcc.

Test Plan: compiles

Reviewers: ljin, yhchiang, rven, sdong

Reviewed By: sdong

Subscribers: dhruba, leveldb

Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D28131

Summary: 1. db/db_impl.cc:2324 (DBImpl::BackgroundCompaction) should not raise bg_error_ when column family is dropped during compaction.

Test Plan: 1. db_stress

Reviewers: ljin, yhchiang, dhruba, igor, sdong

Reviewed By: igor

Subscribers: leveldb

Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D22653

Summary:
This diff adds timeout_hint_us to WriteOptions.  If it's non-zero, then
1) writes associated with this options MAY be aborted when it has been
  waiting for longer than the specified time.  If an abortion happens,
  associated writes will return Status::TimeOut.
2) the stall time of the associated write caused by flush or compaction
  will be limited by timeout_hint_us.

The default value of timeout_hint_us is 0 (i.e., OFF.)

The statistics of timeout writes will be recorded in WRITE_TIMEDOUT.

Test Plan:
export ROCKSDB_TESTS=WriteTimeoutAndDelayTest
make db_test
./db_test

Reviewers: igor, ljin, haobo, sdong

Reviewed By: sdong

Subscribers: dhruba, leveldb

Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D18837

Summary: Clean up IOErrors so that it only indicates errors talking to device.

Test Plan: make all check

Reviewers: igor, haobo, dhruba, emayanke

Reviewed By: igor

CC: leveldb

Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D15831

Summary:
In some places we have NotFound status created with empty message, but it doesn't avoid a malloc. With this patch, the malloc is avoided for that case.

The motivation of it is that I found in db_bench readrandom test when all keys are not existing, about 4% of the total running time is spent on malloc of Status, plus a similar amount of CPU spent on free of them, which is not necessary.

Test Plan: make all check

Reviewers: dhruba, haobo, igor

Reviewed By: haobo

CC: leveldb

Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D14691