PiperOrigin-RevId: 411090036

This change should enable the MacOS presubmit to succeed.

PiperOrigin-RevId: 410926931

In the tff.program library, there is usage of various `flatten` functions:

* `tf.nest.flatten`
* `tree.flatten`
* `structure_utils.flatten`, which is a wrapper around `tree.flatten_with_path`

This change does two things:

1. Consolidates usage of various `flatten` functions to the `tree` package, `tree` is used over `tf.nest` because it has more functionality.
2. Renames `structure_utils.flatten` to `structure_utils.flatten_with_name` to disambiguate this functionality.

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Now uses dtype.name to match known-rank case (used dtype previously), and adjusts from [None] to (shape=None).

This will change the string representation e.g. of TensorType(tf.float32, shape=None) from:

tf.float32[None]

to

float32(shape=None).

For reference, a TensorType(tf.float32, shape=[None]) (IE, rank-1 tensor of unknown size) will remain represnted as:

float32[?].

PiperOrigin-RevId: 410428097

This copied from TF's .bazelrc.

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This will be used as the default metric aggregator for most iterative process/eval computation builders provided by TFF learning.

PiperOrigin-RevId: 409444231

- Moves a generic check to py_typecheck.py or as private module level helpers specific to concrete optimizers.
- Corrects structural checks on weights and gradients, and adds them to public API.

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* Added unit tests.
* Removed sorting the key of the returned value when it is flattened.
* Updated type annotations.

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- Remove unused pybind_protobuf wrappings for methods without protocol buffers.
- Fix header only dep to include implementation.
- Update bazelrc to avoid ubp compilation error.

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* Added documentation about how value references are materialized.
* Added documentation about how values and program state is flattened or unflattend.
* Added documentation about the format of the released values and saved program state.

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* Added `CSVFileReleaseManager`.
* Added tests.
* Updated datatypes for all tests in the `program` package.

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First of a stream of CLs with boilerplate work for sequence executor.

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Note that this does not parallelize materializing or merging of child results: those
steps are still serialized.

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As an aside, this CL adds a new `main` function for tests running in OSS.
This was necessary in order to use absl flags in OSS C++ tests because OSS
gtest_main intercepts argc and argv but does not parse absl flags. For
details, see https://github.com/google/googletest/issues/3646.

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Previously, failure to make `ExecutorValue` instances copy-constructible would result in confusing template instantiation errors. This `static_assert` makes the
requirement explicit and provides the user with a clear, actionable suggestion.

Example error:

```
ERROR: third_party/tensorflow_federated/cc/core/impl/executors/executor.h:230:3 static_assert failed due to requirement 'std::is_copy_constructible<std::unique_ptr<int, std::default_delete<int>>>::value' "`ExecutorValue`s (the type parameter passed to `ExecutorBase`) must be copy-constructible. Consider wrapping with `std::shared_ptr`, `std::shared_future`, or other similar container like: `class MyExecutor: public ExecutorBase<std::shared_ptr<MyExecutorValue>>`"
  static_assert(std::is_copy_constructible<ExecutorValue>::value,
  ^             ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
third_party/tensorflow_federated/cc/core/impl/executors/executor.h:356:26 in instantiation of template class 'tensorflow_federated::ExecutorBase<std::unique_ptr<int>>' requested here
class MyExecutor: public ExecutorBase<std::unique_ptr<int>> {
                         ^
```
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Without this, some compilers complain with:
```
In file included from tensorflow_federated/cc/core/impl/executors/composing_executor_test.cc:31:
./tensorflow_federated/cc/core/impl/executors/value_test_utils.h:83:22: error: call to constructor of 'tensorflow::Tensor' is ambiguous
  tensorflow::Tensor tensor(tensor_constructor_args...);
                     ^      ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
tensorflow_federated/cc/core/impl/executors/composing_executor_test.cc:510:26: note: in instantiation of function template specialization 'tensorflow_federated::testing::TensorV<unsigned long>' requested here
      v0::Value result = TensorV(client_results.size());
                         ^
```

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