Replace with `Homebrew.args.debug?`.

Part of #5730.

- Only try to call `.match?` on strings that aren't nil.

- This also required auto-fixes for Layout/EmptyLinesAroundBlockBody and
  Layout/InconsistentIndentation once the auto-fixer had got rid of the
  "redundant begin"s.

Add a new argument `secrets` to specify secret tokens, so we can redact them in the log.

When the DBM database cannot be read by the current version of Ruby's
DBM library (due to corruption or another incompatibility) it segfaults
or freezes which takes down the entire Homebrew Ruby process.

This isn't desirable so instead perform a shell out with the Homebrew
Ruby to see if it can read the DBM database before we try to use the
information. If this hangs or crashes: silently delete the database and
recreate it.

Rather than having to manually keep track of what version each thing in
here is and copy files around by hand on update let's use Bundler's
standalone mode and careful use of `.gitignore` to help us do it.

This means a `bundle update --standalone` will allow us to update all
gems in vendor.

We could consider vendoring other gems this way in future but I'd
suggest only doing this for gems with no dependencies or at least gems
with no native extensions. The only gem this applies to that we
currently use is `ruby-prof` and I'm not convinced it's widely used
enough to warrant vendoring for everyone. Perhaps that's another
criteria: it should be functionality that's used by non-developer
commands and/or normal Homebrew usage.