diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/dev-cmd/pr-pull.rb b/Library/Homebrew/dev-cmd/pr-pull.rb
index 61eeae1ac683be053a0f9e6d6c60537b5167ae22..88cd9532793b9b268d320edcfe478eb8f1cf0b5f 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/dev-cmd/pr-pull.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/dev-cmd/pr-pull.rb
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ module Homebrew
description: "Automatically reformat and reword commits in the pull request to our "\
"preferred format."
switch "--branch-okay",
- description: "Do not warn if pulling to a branch besides master (useful for testing)."
+ description: "Do not warn if pulling to a branch besides the repository default (useful for testing)."
switch "--resolve",
description: "When a patch fails to apply, leave in progress and allow user to resolve, "\
"instead of aborting."
@@ -98,39 +98,43 @@ module Homebrew
[subject, body, trailers]
end
- def signoff!(pr, tap:, args:)
- message = Utils.popen_read "git", "-C", tap.path, "log", "-1", "--pretty=%B"
- subject, body, trailers = separate_commit_message(message)
+ def signoff!(path, pr: nil, dry_run: false)
+ subject, body, trailers = separate_commit_message(Utils::Git.commit_message(path))
- # Approving reviewers also sign-off on merge.
- trailers += GitHub.approved_reviews(tap.user, "homebrew-#{tap.repo}", pr).map do |r|
- "Signed-off-by: #{r["name"]} <#{r["email"]}>"
- end.join("\n")
+ if pr
+ # This is a tap pull request and approving reviewers should also sign-off.
+ tap = Tap.from_path(path)
+ trailers += GitHub.approved_reviews(tap.user, "homebrew-#{tap.repo}", pr).map do |r|
+ "Signed-off-by: #{r["name"]} <#{r["email"]}>"
+ end.join("\n")
- close_message = "Closes ##{pr}."
- body += "\n\n#{close_message}" unless body.include? close_message
- new_message = [subject, body, trailers].join("\n\n").strip
+ # Append the close message as well, unless the commit body already includes it.
+ close_message = "Closes ##{pr}."
+ body += "\n\n#{close_message}" unless body.include? close_message
+ end
- if args.dry_run?
- puts "git commit --amend --signoff -m $message"
+ git_args = Utils::Git.git, "-C", path, "commit", "--amend", "--signoff", "--allow-empty", "--quiet",
+ "--message", subject, "--message", body, "--message", trailers
+
+ if dry_run
+ puts(*git_args)
else
- safe_system "git", "-C", tap.path, "commit", "--amend", "--signoff", "--allow-empty", "-q", "-m", new_message
+ safe_system(*git_args)
end
end
- def determine_bump_subject(file, original_commit, path: ".", reason: nil)
- full_path = Pathname.new(path)/file
- formula_name = File.basename(file.chomp(".rb"))
+ def determine_bump_subject(old_contents, new_contents, formula_path, reason: nil)
+ formula_path = Pathname(formula_path)
+ formula_name = formula_path.basename.to_s.chomp(".rb")
new_formula = begin
- Formulary::FormulaLoader.new(formula_name, full_path).get_formula(:stable)
+ Formulary.from_contents(formula_name, formula_path, new_contents, :stable)
rescue FormulaUnavailableError
- return "#{formula_name}: delete #{reason}"
+ return "#{formula_name}: delete #{reason}".strip
end
old_formula = begin
- old_file = Utils.popen_read "git", "-C", path, "show", "#{original_commit}:#{file}"
- Formulary.from_contents(formula_name, full_path, old_file, :stable)
+ Formulary.from_contents(formula_name, formula_path, old_contents, :stable)
rescue FormulaUnavailableError
return "#{formula_name} #{new_formula.stable.version} (new formula)"
end
@@ -138,22 +142,26 @@ module Homebrew
if old_formula.stable.version != new_formula.stable.version
"#{formula_name} #{new_formula.stable.version}"
elsif old_formula.revision != new_formula.revision
- "#{formula_name}: revision #{reason}"
+ "#{formula_name}: revision #{reason}".strip
else
- "#{formula_name}: #{reason || "rebuild"}"
+ "#{formula_name}: #{reason || "rebuild"}".strip
end
end
# Cherry picks a single commit that modifies a single file.
# Potentially rewords this commit using `determine_bump_subject`.
- def reword_formula_commit(commit, file, args:, path: ".")
- formula_name = File.basename(file.chomp(".rb"))
- odebug "Cherry-picking #{file}: #{commit}"
- Utils::Git.cherry_pick!(path, commit, verbose: args.verbose?, resolve: args.resolve?)
+ def reword_formula_commit(commit, file, reason: "", verbose: false, resolve: false, path: ".")
+ formula_file = Pathname.new(path) / file
+ formula_name = formula_file.basename.to_s.chomp(".rb")
+
+ odebug "Cherry-picking #{formula_file}: #{commit}"
+ Utils::Git.cherry_pick!(path, commit, verbose: verbose, resolve: resolve)
- bump_subject = determine_bump_subject(file, "HEAD^", path: path, reason: args.message).strip
- message = Utils.popen_read("git", "-C", path, "log", "-1", "--pretty=%B")
- subject, body, trailers = separate_commit_message(message)
+ old_formula = Utils::Git.file_at_commit(path, file, "HEAD^")
+ new_formula = Utils::Git.file_at_commit(path, file, "HEAD")
+
+ bump_subject = determine_bump_subject(old_formula, new_formula, formula_file, reason: reason).strip
+ subject, body, trailers = separate_commit_message(Utils::Git.commit_message(path))
if subject != bump_subject && !subject.start_with?("#{formula_name}:")
safe_system("git", "-C", path, "commit", "--amend", "-q",
@@ -167,7 +175,7 @@ module Homebrew
# Cherry picks multiple commits that each modify a single file.
# Words the commit according to `determine_bump_subject` with the body
# corresponding to all the original commit messages combined.
- def squash_formula_commits(commits, file, args:, path: ".")
+ def squash_formula_commits(commits, file, reason: "", verbose: false, resolve: false, path: ".")
odebug "Squashing #{file}: #{commits.join " "}"
# Format commit messages into something similar to `git fmt-merge-message`.
@@ -178,8 +186,7 @@ module Homebrew
messages = []
trailers = []
commits.each do |commit|
- original_message = Utils.safe_popen_read("git", "-C", path, "show", "--no-patch", "--pretty=%B", commit)
- subject, body, trailer = separate_commit_message(original_message)
+ subject, body, trailer = separate_commit_message(Utils::Git.commit_message(path, commit))
body = body.lines.map { |line| " #{line.strip}" }.join("\n")
messages << "* #{subject}\n#{body}".strip
trailers << trailer
@@ -198,10 +205,13 @@ module Homebrew
trailers = [trailers + co_author_trailers].flatten.uniq.compact
# Apply the patch series but don't commit anything yet.
- Utils::Git.cherry_pick!(path, "--no-commit", *commits, verbose: args.verbose?, resolve: args.resolve?)
+ Utils::Git.cherry_pick!(path, "--no-commit", *commits, verbose: verbose, resolve: resolve)
# Determine the bump subject by comparing the original state of the tree to its current state.
- bump_subject = determine_bump_subject(file, "#{commits.first}^", path: path, reason: args.message).strip
+ formula_file = Pathname.new(path) / file
+ old_formula = Utils::Git.file_at_commit(path, file, "#{commits.first}^")
+ new_formula = File.read(formula_file)
+ bump_subject = determine_bump_subject(old_formula, new_formula, formula_file, reason: reason)
# Commit with the new subject, body, and trailers.
safe_system("git", "-C", path, "commit", "--quiet",
@@ -210,11 +220,7 @@ module Homebrew
ohai bump_subject
end
- def autosquash!(original_commit, path: ".", args: nil)
- # Autosquash assumes we've already modified the current state of the git repository,
- # so just exit early if we're in a dry run.
- return if args.dry_run?
-
+ def autosquash!(original_commit, path: ".", reason: "", verbose: false, resolve: false)
original_head = Utils.safe_popen_read("git", "-C", path, "rev-parse", "HEAD").strip
commits = Utils.safe_popen_read("git", "-C", path, "rev-list",
@@ -251,13 +257,13 @@ module Homebrew
files = commits_to_files[commit]
if files.length == 1 && files_to_commits[files.first].length == 1
# If there's a 1:1 mapping of commits to files, just cherry pick and (maybe) reword.
- reword_formula_commit(commit, files.first, path: path, args: args)
+ reword_formula_commit(commit, files.first, path: path, reason: reason, verbose: verbose, resolve: resolve)
processed_commits << commit
elsif files.length == 1 && files_to_commits[files.first].length > 1
# If multiple commits modify a single file, squash them down into a single commit.
file = files.first
commits = files_to_commits[file]
- squash_formula_commits(commits, file, path: path, args: args)
+ squash_formula_commits(commits, file, path: path, reason: reason, verbose: verbose, resolve: resolve)
processed_commits += commits
else
# We can't split commits (yet) so just raise an error.
@@ -275,30 +281,20 @@ module Homebrew
raise
end
- def cherry_pick_pr!(pr, args:, path: ".")
+ def cherry_pick_pr!(user, repo, pr, args:, path: ".")
if args.dry_run?
puts <<~EOS
git fetch --force origin +refs/pull/#{pr}/head
git merge-base HEAD FETCH_HEAD
git cherry-pick --ff --allow-empty $merge_base..FETCH_HEAD
EOS
- else
- safe_system "git", "-C", path, "fetch", "--quiet", "--force", "origin", "+refs/pull/#{pr}/head"
- merge_base = Utils.popen_read("git", "-C", path, "merge-base", "HEAD", "FETCH_HEAD").strip
- commit_count = Utils.popen_read("git", "-C", path, "rev-list", "#{merge_base}..FETCH_HEAD").lines.count
-
- ohai "Using #{commit_count} commit#{"s" unless commit_count == 1} from ##{pr}"
- Utils::Git.cherry_pick!(path, "--ff", "--allow-empty", "#{merge_base}..FETCH_HEAD",
- verbose: args.verbose?, resolve: args.resolve?)
+ return
end
- end
-
- def check_branch(path, ref, args:)
- branch = Utils.popen_read("git", "-C", path, "symbolic-ref", "--short", "HEAD").strip
- return if branch == ref || args.clean? || args.branch_okay?
-
- opoo "Current branch is #{branch}: do you need to pull inside #{ref}?"
+ commits = GitHub.pull_request_commits(user, repo, pr)
+ safe_system "git", "-C", path, "fetch", "--quiet", "--force", "origin", commits.last
+ ohai "Using #{commits.count} commit#{"s" unless commits.count == 1} from ##{pr}"
+ Utils::Git.cherry_pick!(path, "--ff", "--allow-empty", *commits, verbose: args.verbose?, resolve: args.resolve?)
end
def formulae_need_bottles?(tap, original_commit, args:)
@@ -385,15 +381,23 @@ module Homebrew
_, user, repo, pr = *url_match
odie "Not a GitHub pull request: #{arg}" unless pr
- check_branch tap.path, "master", args: args
+ current_branch = Utils::Git.current_branch(tap.path)
+ origin_branch = Utils::Git.origin_branch(tap.path).split("/").last
+
+ if current_branch != origin_branch || args.branch_okay? || args.clean?
+ opoo "Current branch is #{current_branch}: do you need to pull inside #{origin_branch}?"
+ end
ohai "Fetching #{tap} pull request ##{pr}"
Dir.mktmpdir pr do |dir|
cd dir do
original_commit = Utils.popen_read("git", "-C", tap.path, "rev-parse", "HEAD").chomp
- cherry_pick_pr!(pr, path: tap.path, args: args)
- autosquash!(original_commit, path: tap.path, args: args) if args.autosquash?
- signoff!(pr, tap: tap, args: args) unless args.clean?
+ cherry_pick_pr!(user, repo, pr, path: tap.path, args: args)
+ if args.autosquash? && !args.dry_run?
+ autosquash!(original_commit, path: tap.path,
+ verbose: args.verbose?, resolve: args.resolve?, reason: args.message)
+ end
+ signoff!(tap.path, pr: pr, dry_run: args.dry_run?) unless args.clean?
unless args.no_upload?
mirror_formulae(tap, original_commit,
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/test/dev-cmd/pr-pull_spec.rb b/Library/Homebrew/test/dev-cmd/pr-pull_spec.rb
index 99dfa041e9c5ecf60a41c0c4b99ce3a204ea08bb..f11823c52c4d33738f9249590a3dedc308f865e4 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/test/dev-cmd/pr-pull_spec.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/test/dev-cmd/pr-pull_spec.rb
@@ -1,7 +1,104 @@
# frozen_string_literal: true
+require "dev-cmd/pr-pull"
+require "utils/git"
+require "tap"
require "cmd/shared_examples/args_parse"
-describe "Homebrew.pr_pull_args" do
- it_behaves_like "parseable arguments"
+describe Homebrew do
+ let(:formula_rebuild) do
+ <<~EOS
+ class Foo < Formula
+ desc "Helpful description"
+ url "https://brew.sh/foo-1.0.tgz"
+ end
+ EOS
+ end
+ let(:formula_revision) do
+ <<~EOS
+ class Foo < Formula
+ url "https://brew.sh/foo-1.0.tgz"
+ revision 1
+ end
+ EOS
+ end
+ let(:formula_version) do
+ <<~EOS
+ class Foo < Formula
+ url "https://brew.sh/foo-2.0.tgz"
+ end
+ EOS
+ end
+ let(:formula) do
+ <<~EOS
+ class Foo < Formula
+ url "https://brew.sh/foo-1.0.tgz"
+ end
+ EOS
+ end
+ let(:formula_file) { path/"Formula/foo.rb" }
+ let(:path) { Tap::TAP_DIRECTORY/"homebrew/homebrew-foo" }
+
+ describe "Homebrew.pr_pull_args" do
+ it_behaves_like "parseable arguments"
+ end
+
+ describe "#autosquash!" do
+ it "squashes a formula correctly" do
+ secondary_author = "Someone Else <me@example.com>"
+ (path/"Formula").mkpath
+ formula_file.write(formula)
+ cd path do
+ safe_system Utils::Git.git, "init"
+ safe_system Utils::Git.git, "add", formula_file
+ safe_system Utils::Git.git, "commit", "-m", "foo 1.0 (new formula)"
+ original_hash = `git rev-parse HEAD`.chomp
+ File.open(formula_file, "w") { |f| f.write(formula_revision) }
+ safe_system Utils::Git.git, "commit", formula_file, "-m", "revision"
+ File.open(formula_file, "w") { |f| f.write(formula_version) }
+ safe_system Utils::Git.git, "commit", formula_file, "-m", "version", "--author=#{secondary_author}"
+ described_class.autosquash!(original_hash, path: ".")
+ expect(Utils::Git.commit_message(path)).to include("foo 2.0")
+ expect(Utils::Git.commit_message(path)).to include("Co-authored-by: #{secondary_author}")
+ end
+ end
+ end
+
+ describe "#signoff!" do
+ it "signs off a formula" do
+ (path/"Formula").mkpath
+ formula_file.write(formula)
+ cd path do
+ safe_system Utils::Git.git, "init"
+ safe_system Utils::Git.git, "add", formula_file
+ safe_system Utils::Git.git, "commit", "-m", "foo 1.0 (new formula)"
+ end
+ described_class.signoff!(path)
+ expect(Utils::Git.commit_message(path)).to include("Signed-off-by:")
+ end
+ end
+
+ describe "#determine_bump_subject" do
+ it "correctly bumps a new formula" do
+ expect(described_class.determine_bump_subject("", formula, formula_file)).to eq("foo 1.0 (new formula)")
+ end
+
+ it "correctly bumps a formula version" do
+ expect(described_class.determine_bump_subject(formula, formula_version, formula_file)).to eq("foo 2.0")
+ end
+
+ it "correctly bumps a formula revision with reason" do
+ expect(described_class.determine_bump_subject(
+ formula, formula_revision, formula_file, reason: "for fun"
+ )).to eq("foo: revision for fun")
+ end
+
+ it "correctly bumps a formula rebuild" do
+ expect(described_class.determine_bump_subject(formula, formula_rebuild, formula_file)).to eq("foo: rebuild")
+ end
+
+ it "correctly bumps a formula deletion" do
+ expect(described_class.determine_bump_subject(formula, "", formula_file)).to eq("foo: delete")
+ end
+ end
end
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/test/utils/git_spec.rb b/Library/Homebrew/test/utils/git_spec.rb
index 09bac00fe2e6f7c709e62083f98874124230a25f..f03f6143794032f5a504d0eda5c0750baf910f48 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/test/utils/git_spec.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/test/utils/git_spec.rb
@@ -18,22 +18,28 @@ describe Utils::Git do
File.open("README.md", "w") { |f| f.write("README") }
system git, "add", HOMEBREW_CACHE/"README.md"
- system git, "commit", "-m", "'File added'"
+ system git, "commit", "-m", "File added"
@h1 = `git rev-parse HEAD`
File.open("README.md", "w") { |f| f.write("# README") }
system git, "add", HOMEBREW_CACHE/"README.md"
- system git, "commit", "-m", "'written to File'"
+ system git, "commit", "-m", "written to File"
@h2 = `git rev-parse HEAD`
File.open("LICENSE.txt", "w") { |f| f.write("LICENCE") }
system git, "add", HOMEBREW_CACHE/"LICENSE.txt"
- system git, "commit", "-m", "'File added'"
+ system git, "commit", "-m", "File added"
@h3 = `git rev-parse HEAD`
File.open("LICENSE.txt", "w") { |f| f.write("LICENSE") }
system git, "add", HOMEBREW_CACHE/"LICENSE.txt"
- system git, "commit", "-m", "'written to File'"
+ system git, "commit", "-m", "written to File"
+
+ File.open("LICENSE.txt", "w") { |f| f.write("test") }
+ system git, "add", HOMEBREW_CACHE/"LICENSE.txt"
+ system git, "commit", "-m", "written to File"
+ @cherry_pick_commit = `git rev-parse HEAD`
+ system git, "reset", "--hard", "HEAD^"
end
end
@@ -43,8 +49,26 @@ describe Utils::Git do
let(:files) { ["README.md", "LICENSE.txt"] }
let(:files_hash1) { [@h3[0..6], ["LICENSE.txt"]] }
let(:files_hash2) { [@h2[0..6], ["README.md"]] }
+ let(:cherry_pick_commit) { @cherry_pick_commit[0..6] }
+
+ describe "#commit_message" do
+ it "returns the commit message" do
+ expect(described_class.commit_message(HOMEBREW_CACHE, file_hash1)).to eq("File added")
+ expect(described_class.commit_message(HOMEBREW_CACHE, file_hash2)).to eq("written to File")
+ end
+
+ it "errors when commit doesn't exist" do
+ expect {
+ described_class.commit_message(HOMEBREW_CACHE, "bad_refspec")
+ }.to raise_error(ErrorDuringExecution, /bad revision/)
+ end
+ end
describe "#cherry_pick!" do
+ it "can cherry pick a commit" do
+ expect(described_class.cherry_pick!(HOMEBREW_CACHE, cherry_pick_commit)).to be_truthy
+ end
+
it "aborts when cherry picking an existing hash" do
expect {
described_class.cherry_pick!(HOMEBREW_CACHE, file_hash1)
@@ -68,6 +92,17 @@ describe Utils::Git do
end
end
+ describe "#file_at_commit" do
+ it "returns file contents when file exists" do
+ expect(described_class.file_at_commit(HOMEBREW_CACHE, file, file_hash1)).to eq("README")
+ end
+
+ it "returns empty when file doesn't exist" do
+ expect(described_class.file_at_commit(HOMEBREW_CACHE, "foo.txt", file_hash1)).to eq("")
+ expect(described_class.file_at_commit(HOMEBREW_CACHE, "LICENSE.txt", file_hash1)).to eq("")
+ end
+ end
+
describe "#last_revision_commit_of_files" do
context "when before_commit is nil" do
it "gives last revision commit" do
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/test/utils/github_spec.rb b/Library/Homebrew/test/utils/github_spec.rb
index 37f2fd04839551a36aaa6b2ab178009d16ffcaba..6c7739ff7100d89a6e0c7b1b9e8688f2aeb2a1d3 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/test/utils/github_spec.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/test/utils/github_spec.rb
@@ -75,4 +75,11 @@ describe GitHub do
expect(url).to eq("https://api.github.com/repos/Homebrew/homebrew-core/actions/artifacts/3557392/zip")
end
end
+
+ describe "::pull_request_commits", :needs_network do
+ it "gets the correct commits hashes for a pull request" do
+ hashes = %w[188606a4a9587365d930b02c98ad6857b1d00150 25a71fe1ea1558415d6496d23834dc70778ddee5]
+ expect(subject.pull_request_commits("Homebrew", "legacy-homebrew", 50678)).to eq(hashes)
+ end
+ end
end
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/utils/git.rb b/Library/Homebrew/utils/git.rb
index 168c9ce439d67fb8be1b5249e87d2ca89266ffa2..ad1ebe7744569b8f2913d7cd213cec6b89d61d6d 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/utils/git.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/utils/git.rb
@@ -76,9 +76,19 @@ module Utils
def last_revision_of_file(repo, file, before_commit: nil)
relative_file = Pathname(file).relative_path_from(repo)
-
commit_hash = last_revision_commit_of_file(repo, relative_file, before_commit: before_commit)
- Utils.popen_read(git, "-C", repo, "show", "#{commit_hash}:#{relative_file}")
+ file_at_commit(repo, file, commit_hash)
+ end
+
+ def file_at_commit(repo, file, commit)
+ relative_file = Pathname(file)
+ relative_file = relative_file.relative_path_from(repo) if relative_file.absolute?
+ Utils.popen_read(git, "-C", repo, "show", "#{commit}:#{relative_file}")
+ end
+
+ def commit_message(repo, commit = nil)
+ commit ||= "HEAD"
+ Utils.safe_popen_read(git, "-C", repo, "log", "-1", "--pretty=%B", commit, "--", err: :out).strip
end
def ensure_installed!
@@ -120,6 +130,10 @@ module Utils
"refs/remotes/origin/HEAD").chomp.presence
end
+ def current_branch(repo)
+ Utils.popen_read("git", "-C", repo, "symbolic-ref", "--short", "HEAD").chomp.presence
+ end
+
# Special case of `git cherry-pick` that permits non-verbose output and
# optional resolution on merge conflict.
def cherry_pick!(repo, *args, resolve: false, verbose: false)
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/utils/github.rb b/Library/Homebrew/utils/github.rb
index 2ca8dc31985e13b6256bab78b5a0b779570d6581..ab34ee32d7169b00abf5c6a5db021ccb8c8e3347 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/utils/github.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/utils/github.rb
@@ -747,4 +747,8 @@ module GitHub
end
end
end
+
+ def pull_request_commits(user, repo, pr)
+ open_api(url_to("repos", user, repo, "pulls", pr, "commits?per_page=100")).map { |c| c["sha"] }
+ end
end
diff --git a/docs/Manpage.md b/docs/Manpage.md
index 9e3920301fdc2426987206a13ad13d66884bbdbe..143cf6ca4a9712263d11bf209be4f7acd6c6d534 100644
--- a/docs/Manpage.md
+++ b/docs/Manpage.md
@@ -1101,7 +1101,7 @@ Requires write access to the repository.
* `--autosquash`:
Automatically reformat and reword commits in the pull request to our preferred format.
* `--branch-okay`:
- Do not warn if pulling to a branch besides master (useful for testing).
+ Do not warn if pulling to a branch besides the repository default (useful for testing).
* `--resolve`:
When a patch fails to apply, leave in progress and allow user to resolve, instead of aborting.
* `--warn-on-upload-failure`:
diff --git a/manpages/brew.1 b/manpages/brew.1
index 8415cedd6e3adee0584e2ee4a6a4ffd963fdd27b..a392f009eef69d38b33f1af1e12489d22806c680 100644
--- a/manpages/brew.1
+++ b/manpages/brew.1
@@ -1528,7 +1528,7 @@ Automatically reformat and reword commits in the pull request to our preferred f
.
.TP
\fB\-\-branch\-okay\fR
-Do not warn if pulling to a branch besides master (useful for testing)\.
+Do not warn if pulling to a branch besides the repository default (useful for testing)\.
.
.TP
\fB\-\-resolve\fR